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             Research 
       
          My research is concerned with the molecular mechanisms
            of signal transduction and its modulation in sensory receptor cells. The
            techniques we use include electrophysiology (e.g. patch-clamp recording,
            current recording using a suction pipette, etc.), computer simulations,
            immunocytochemistry, and cell imaging.  
                We are currently working on olfactory transduction,
            taste transduction, and phototransduction. 1) Olfactory transduction: We
            use isolated olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) from the newt to study molecular
            mechanisms of inhibitory responses induced by odorant and the physiological
            significance of the phenomenon. We record and analyze membrane currents
            activated by various odorants and/or cAMP, the intracellular messenger.
            We are also studying amino acid responses of ORNs. 2) Taste transduction:
            We use isolated taste receptors from the frog and other animals. We study
            signal transduction mechanism and its modulation of taste receptor cells
            to find ort the difference between cells with different modalities, sour,
            salty, sweet, bitter and umami. 3) Phototransduction: We use photoreceptors
            of knock-in mice to study underlying mechanisms that cause the difference
            in sensitivity and kinetics between rods and cones. 
       
       
        Schemes of sensory transduction 
      1.  Phototransduction 
      2.  Olfactory transduction 
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